/born on December 29, 1886 (January 10, 1887) – died on May 15, 1954 / – hereditary nobleman, military veterinarian, organizer of veterinary science in Kazakhstan, the first director of the Kazakh Research Institute (1925-1930), founder of veterinary science in Kazakhstan, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences (1936), senior researcher in the specialty “Epizootology” (1936), Associate professor of the Department of Clinical Diagnostics (1939), Doctor of Veterinary Sciences (1948), Professor (1948), Honored Scientist of the Turkmen SSR (1950), corresponding member of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences (1954).

E.M.Rafalovich received his primary education in the amount of five grades at a rural school.

In 1902, E.M.Rafalovich entered the Moscow Agricultural School of the Moscow Society of Agriculture.

In 1906, he was sent by an agricultural school to the Voronezh province for practical training and while conducting propaganda work among peasants to explain the reasons for the dissolution of the First State Duma, was arrested by a punitive detachment and imprisoned in a solitary cell of the Voronezh prison. After 5 months of imprisonment, on bail of 100 rubles, he was released pending trial and, returning to Moscow, continued his interrupted studies at an agricultural school.

In September 1908, E.M.Rafalovich, after passing the entrance exam and paying for his studies, was accepted as a first-year student of the Yuriev Veterinary Institute (YUVI).

In 1908, E.M.Rafalovich, after the trial in the Voronezh case, was sentenced by the Kharkov Judicial Chamber to 1 year of fortress (imprisonment), taking into account 5 months of punishment served in Voronezh, to 7 months of imprisonment in the Butyr fortress (prison castle) in a solitary cell of the Pugachev (Southern) tower.

After serving his sentence in Moscow, E.M.Rafalovich continued his studies at the Southwestern University.

On May 18 (31), 1913, E.M.Rafalovich graduated from the Southern Medical Institute and was awarded the degree of veterinarian (veterinarian), having received temporary certificate No. 411 dated May 24 (June 5), 1913 with a validity period of 6 months, until the original diploma of a special sample was issued to him.

In the same year, 1913, E.M.Rafalovich entered the Tiraspol Zemstvo as head of the diagnostic office, and on September 21 he was enlisted in the reserve as an official of the Veterinary Department of the Army of the Military Ministry of the Russian Empire.

In 1914, E.M.Rafalovich enlisted as a volunteer in the Chernigov Hussar regiment, located in the city of Orel.

When the First World War began, E.M. Rafalovich and his regiment were transferred to the front as an ordinary doctor. During the fighting near the city of Lemberg (Lviv), he was captured. In captivity, at the personal request of the Austrian War Ministry, he was transferred from the prisoner of war camp to the hospital in the city of Wieselburg to the bacteriological laboratory at the hospital, where he worked until 1918.

After returning from Austrian captivity in 1918, E.M.Rafalovich voluntarily joined the post of junior veterinarian in the Moscow Cavalry Regiment, in the same year he was transferred to the senior veterinarian of the regiment.

From the end of 1918 to 1920, E.M.Rafalovich served as a military veterinarian of the Ural, Tsaritsinsky, Astrakhan and Caucasian fronts.

On July 5, 1920, E.M.Rafalovich was appointed acting head of the veterinary unit of the expeditionary corps, then to the position of assistant head of the Veterinary Unit of the 11th Army.

By order of the head of the Veterinary Unit of the Caucasian Front, E.M.Rafalovich was transferred to the Astrakhan Provincial Veterinary Department. On September 18, 1920, he was appointed head of the anti-plague station, and he worked in this position until May 10, 1923.

In the first half of 1923, E.M.Rafalovich was appointed head of the Regional Veterinary and Bacteriological Laboratory of Kaznarkomzem, located in the first capital of Kazakhstan, Orenburg, where he simultaneously worked as a teacher of veterinary and agricultural technical schools, until 1925.

On April 7, 1925, the Kazakh Central Executive Committee (KAZTSIK), by its resolution (Protocol No. 39), transformed the Kazakh Regional Veterinary and Bacteriological Laboratory into the Kazakh Regional Veterinary and Bacteriological Institute, then on May 16, 1925, the Council of People’s Commissars of the KASSR approved (Part 1, Article 113) the Regulations on the Institute No. 23 (4926), appointing E.M.Rafalovich is its head.

After the institute moved from Orenburg to Kyzyl-Orda, by the decree of the Presidium of the KAZTSIK dated December 9, 1925, E.M.Rafalovich was approved as director of the Regional Veterinary and Bacteriological Institute at Kaznarkomzeme:

In July 1929, E.M.Rafalovich prepared for publication a brochure “Trypanosomiasis of camels” in the Kazakh language based on Latin graphics.

In the same years, E.M.Rafalovich began to be subjected to unjustified persecution by the Bolshevik authorities, forcing him to leave the post of director of the Kazakh Regional Veterinary and Bacteriological Institute in early 1930.

In February 1930, the Kaznarkomzem transferred him to Petropavlovsk and appointed him head of the District Veterinary and Bacteriological Laboratory.

In the same year, E.M.Rafalovich was supposed to go on a scientific trip to the GIEF (RES), but could not use this opportunity, since the People’s Commissariat of the RSFSR appointed him director of the Orel Biofactory, where, according to the agreement, he worked until December 25, 1931, after which he was enlisted as a responsible executive in the office of the Vetsnabprom trust People’s Commissariat of the RSFSR for bacillary production.

In January 1933, E.M.Rafalovich was sent to Stavropol and appointed head of production of the Stavropol biofactory. Concurrently, he joined the Research Institute for the Study of Sheep Diseases.

In November 1933, E.M.Rafalovich was transferred to the Foot-and-mouth Disease Institute (Ostashkov) as head of the vaccine and bacteriological laboratory, where he worked until March 30, 1935.

On April 1, 1935, E.M.Rafalovich was appointed director of the Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Experimental Station of the People’s Commissariat of the Turkmen SSR (Ashgabat), where he worked until April 1938. He combined work at the station with teaching at the Turkmen Agricultural Institute, where he was invited on September 1, 1935 to the post of head of the Department of Zoo Hygiene and veterinary prevention.

On December 2, 1936, at a meeting of the Qualification Commission, E.M.Rafaloivich was approved for the degree of Candidate of Veterinary Sciences without defending his dissertation.

On April 26, 1938, E.M.Rafalovich was arrested by the NKVD of the Turkmen SSR on charges of espionage under Article 54-6 and undermining state industry, committed for counterrevolutionary purposes under Article 54-7 and imprisoned in Ashgabat prison, where he was held until May 20, 1939, then was released for lack of corpus delicti.

In May 1939, E.M.Rafalovich was reinstated at the Turkmen Agricultural Institute. Since the place of work at the Department of Zoo Hygiene and Veterinary Prevention was occupied, he was offered a position at the Department of Clinical Diagnostics, then, until May 1954, he worked as the head of the Department of Private Pathology and Therapy of non-communicable diseases of domestic animals of the Turkmen Agricultural Institute [3, L.].

E.M.Rafalovich was awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-45.”

On February 24, 1948, at a meeting of the Scientific Council of the All–Union Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, E.M.Rafalovich brilliantly defended his dissertation on “Experimental trypanosomiasis of donkeys and mules”, after which, by the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on October 23, 1948, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Sciences and the academic title of professor.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR dated February 20, 1950, No. 535, E.M.Rafalovich was awarded the honorary title “Honored Scientist of the Turkmen SSR”.

E.M.Rafalovich is the author of more than 30 scientific publications. His main scientific research is devoted to the study of the problems of combating blood parasites in the south of the USSR.

Evgeny Mikhailovich was buried in Ashgabat (Turkmenistan).

By the decision of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Turkmenistan No. 13/10-94 dated June 27, 1994, E.M.Rafalovich was fully rehabilitated.